Bariatric surgery is a significant medical procedure that can lead to life-changing benefits for individuals struggling with obesity. If you’re considering this type of surgery, it’s important to understand what it entails, how it can impact your health, and what to expect before and after the procedure. BlackDoctor.org spoke with Shani Belgrave, M.D., a specialist in minimally invasive and bariatric surgery at Peachtree Surgical and Bariatrics, to discuss what you should know if you are considering bariatric surgery.
Dr. Belgrave, who completed her fellowship in minimally invasive and bariatric surgery at the University of Washington and joined Peachtree Surgical and Bariatrics in 2021, is a board-certified surgeon with a deep passion for helping patients transform their health. She’s been recognized for her academic achievements and research during her surgical residency at the University of Maryland and is an active mentor for medical students.
1. Bariatric Surgery is More Than a Weight Loss Tool
Bariatric surgery is more than just a tool for weight loss; it’s a powerful intervention that can significantly improve your overall health.
“Obesity, which is an excess of body fat, is associated with many health problems, including heart disease, diabetes, high cholesterol, stroke, and certain cancers. Obesity is defined by having a body mass index (BMI) over 30. Bariatric surgery significantly impacts patients’ health because, when we achieve weight loss and lower the BMI, we see a decrease in the risks of those conditions,” Dr. Belgrave shares. “Many patients even experience the resolution of issues like diabetes. Some patients can stop taking insulin after weight loss surgery, which shows how profoundly obesity affects health. It can also alleviate joint pain and urinary incontinence. Overall, bariatric surgery can transform lives.”
2. You Need to Meet Specific Criteria
Before undergoing bariatric surgery, patients typically need to meet specific criteria, especially if they are using insurance to cover the procedure. Generally, a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 35 or higher, accompanied by an obesity-related health condition like diabetes or hypertension, qualifies a patient for surgery. In some cases, a BMI of 40 or more may be sufficient on its own.
The surgery itself is usually performed using minimally invasive techniques, such as laparoscopic or robotic surgery, which involve small incisions and lead to quicker recovery times. Most patients can return to work within two weeks, although those with physically demanding jobs may need a bit longer.
3. Bariatric Surgery Is Safe
There are several misconceptions about bariatric surgery that Dr. Belgrave frequently encounters. One is the belief that bariatric surgery is merely cosmetic.
“It’s not a cosmetic procedure; it’s a metabolic surgery. These surgeries impact hormones and processes in the body that help reduce fat, improving health significantly,” Dr. Belgrave notes.
Another misconception is that bariatric surgery is an “easy way out.”
“People often believe that with enough diet and exercise, they wouldn’t need surgery. But obesity is a chronic medical condition, not just a behavioral issue. It’s often genetic or environmental, in addition to behavioral. Bariatric surgery is a powerful tool to help people achieve their health goals,” Dr. Belgrave adds.
Dr. Belgrave also encounters the myth that bariatric surgery is risky.
“In truth, weight loss surgery is very safe. The safety profiles of these surgeries are excellent—comparable to gallbladder removal, which is a common procedure,” Dr. Belgrave notes.
4. The Success of the Surgery Depends on Your Commitment
While bariatric surgery can be life-changing, it’s not a standalone solution. Success depends heavily on the patient’s commitment to making lasting lifestyle changes.
“Weight loss surgery is an effective tool, but lifestyle changes are key to maintaining that success. Foods rich in carbohydrates, like bread, rice, and sugary snacks, contribute to weight gain and inflammation. Therefore, a low-carb, high-protein diet is essential. Protein helps maintain muscle and supports various bodily functions. Green vegetables are nutrient-dense and should be prioritized. Hydration is also critical—everyone should aim for 64 ounces of water daily, and sugary drinks like soda should be avoided,” Dr. Belgrave advises.
Regular exercise is another key component of post-surgery care.
“Physical activity, including cardio and strength training, is equally important. Regular exercise helps maintain weight and muscle mass, and cardio supports heart health,” Dr. Belgrave adds.
5. Follow-Up Care Is Essential
Ongoing follow-up care is vital for monitoring your progress and ensuring long-term success after bariatric surgery. Dr. Belgrave typically sees her patients at two weeks, one month, and then every few months for the first year post-surgery. After that, annual check-ups are necessary to maintain health and monitor weight.
“Since the surgeries are done through small incisions, recovery is relatively short. Most patients can return to work after two weeks, as long as there’s no heavy lifting. These follow-ups help ensure patients are doing well and maintaining their weight loss, as well as tracking health improvements,” Dr. Belgrave shares.
6. Preparation Starts Before the Surgery
If you’re considering bariatric surgery, Dr. Belgrave advises beginning to make lifestyle changes even before the procedure.
“Start by conditioning yourself for the changes that will come after surgery. Focus on eating green leafy vegetables, lean proteins like chicken and fish, and avoid processed and fried foods. Incorporate daily exercise and walking into your routine. It’s also important to consult with a bariatric surgeon to discuss the best surgery options for your individual case. Doing some research on procedures, like the sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass, can also help,” Dr. Belgrave advises.
Bariatric surgery is a powerful tool in the fight against obesity, offering a pathway to improved health and well-being. However, it requires a commitment to lifelong lifestyle changes and regular medical follow-up. If you’re considering this surgery, it’s important to be well-informed and prepared for the journey ahead. Consulting with an experienced bariatric surgeon like Dr. Shani Belgrave can provide the guidance and support needed to achieve the best possible outcomes.
For more information, Dr. Belgrave’s health and wellness resources are available through her website and her YouTube show and podcast, “The Coalition Talk Show”, which covers a wide range of topics to help you live your healthiest life. You can also reach her on X and Instagram.
